• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SU1775020A3
    申请号:SU904830990
    申请日:1990-09-10
    公开日:1992-11-07
    发明作者:Egon Mann；Khelmut Ejmyuller；Zigfrid Shtyuttsle
    申请人:Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and is a device intended, in particular, for mobile excavators and similar construction machines and driven by a drive motor, a two-speed gearbox, switched under load, switched by two controlled hydraulic friction clutches.
    For construction vehicles that can drive at speeds of more than 25 km / h, such as, for example, a mobile excavator and a wheel loader, there are various instructions and instructions regarding brakes formulated by the operator. In addition to ordinary service brakes, auxiliary brakes must be available for the single-circuit brake system. Locking or parking brakes are also required.
    A drive device is known in particular. for mobile excavators and similar construction vehicles, comprising a drive motor, a selector gearbox under load, made in the form of a planetary gearbox. The latter is composed of two central wheels with external and internal teeth and a carrier with satellites. Two hydraulically controlled friction clutches are made in the form of spring energy accumulators for selective switching. of reading. One of the couplings is installed between the housing and the central wheel with internal teeth [1].
    The aim of the invention is the use for installation on mobile excavators and similar construction machines of the drive device, less space and simplification of the design brakes 1775020 AZ call and laying hydraulic pipelines.
    This goal can be achieved using the drive device specified in paragraph 1 of the claims due to the fact that both friction clutches are driven independently of each other and that the inner, radially located, friction clutch is mounted directly between the inner and outer central gears of the two-stage gearbox for selective fixation of both gears with each other.
    Preferred and appropriate embodiments are given in the dependent claims. When using friction clutches as parking and auxiliary service brakes, a brake valve for bleeding air is introduced into the drive unit; friction clutches have a common disk holder located between them, which is rigidly connected to the central wheel with internal teeth; to interrupt the power circuit of the drive, it has a step of cylindrical gears and a disconnecting clutch installed between the latter and the housing; To separate the cavity of the casing with the two-speed gearbox from the cavity for collecting oil leaks, a sealing ring is installed between the housing and the input shaft, and the cavity for collecting oil leaks is connected to the central tank for collecting oil by the discharge pipe.
    In FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drive device; in FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of FIG. 1 device on an enlarged scale; in FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of FIG. 1 device on an enlarged scale, for the case of its use on a mobile excavator.
    The input shaft 2, which is driven from the drive motor 3, is mounted in the housing 1 rotatably. The drive motor 3 is made with stepless conversion of the number of revolutions and torque at an initial number of revolutions equal to zero. A hydraulic motor is particularly suitable for this purpose, but the use of an electric motor is also possible. Installed in the housing 1, a two-speed gearbox 4 is made in the form of a planetary gearbox having a central wheel 5 with external teeth, connected to the input shaft 2 without rotation, a central wheel 6 with internal teeth and several satellites 7, which are mounted on the carrier 8,
    The two-speed gearbox 4 is engaged using two friction clutches 9 and 10. Both friction clutches 9 and 10 are located in the radial direction one to the other, and in the axial direction they extend the same distance. The outer radially located friction clutch 10 is made in the form of a brake. Both friction clutches 9 and 10 are made disk. The inner radially located and smaller friction clutch has inner disks 11 that are connected to the input shaft 2 without rotation by means of the holder 12. The outer disks 13 of the inner friction clutch 9 and the inner disks 14 of the outer radially located and larger friction clutch 10 are connected to the outer central wheel 6 without the possibility of rotation, using the disk holder 15. The outer disks 16 of the outer friction clutch 10 are mounted without rotation in the disk holder 17, which is rigidly connected to the housing 1.
    The internal friction clutch 9 is closed by means of a disk spring 18 through the piston 20. The external friction clutch 10 is closed by a disk spring 21 through a piston 22. The internal friction clutch 9 can be controlled by the oil pressure supplied to the cylindrical cavity 23. The external friction clutch 10 can be controlled by the oil pressure fed into the cylindrical cavity 24.
    The carrier 8 is mounted on the shaft 25, which is installed in the housing 1. On the shaft 25, a spur gear 26 is mounted so that it engages with the corresponding spur gear 27. Both spur gears 26 and 27 form a step 28 of spur gears. The spur gear 27 is mounted on the output shaft 30, which drives the wheels of the construction machine.
    A separating clutch 31 is installed between the two-speed gearbox 4 and the gear stage 28, by means of which the connection between the two-speed gearbox 4 and the gear stage 28 is turned on and off.
    The following describes the operation of the drive device.
    In the resting position of the vehicle, both friction clutches 9 and 10, made in the form of spring clutches, are closed by the force of Belleville springs 18 and
    21. As a result, the wheels of the two-speed gearbox 4 are blocked. The device works like a parking brake.
    To activate the first gear, the internal radially located friction clutch 9 is opened due to the fact that oil is supplied into the cylindrical cavity 23 under pressure. As a result, the piston 20 moves to the left, overcoming the force of the Belleville springs
    18. If, for example, a two-speed gearbox 4 is made with a gear ratio of 1: 4, then the outer radially-mounted friction clutch holds a torque that is three times higher than the input torque value. A carrier 8, which is connected via a closed opening clutch 31 to a gear stage 28 and, therefore, to the output shaft 30, can be transmitted with an output torque four times the value of the input torque.
    To engage the second gear, the internal friction clutch 9 closes, while the outer friction clutch 10 opens. After switching on, the input torque is divided into two branches: 75% of the input torque is transmitted through a closed internal friction clutch 9. disk holder 15, the central wheel 6. satellites 7 and carrier
    8. 25% of the input torque is transmitted directly from the input shaft 2 through the central wheel 5 and the satellites 7 to the carrier 8. The carrier 8 then transfers the total power to the gear stage 28 and to the output shaft 30.
    In second gear, corresponding to the movement of the vehicle on the highway, the central wheel 6 is rigidly connected to the central wheel 5 through the internal friction clutch 9. In the case. if it is necessary to brake the vehicle when the working brake system is out of order, from the cylindrical cavity 24, air is not metered through the brake valve not shown, so that the external friction clutch is constantly closed. Due to the external arrangement of the friction clutch 10 and the resulting large diameter of the inner and outer disks 14 and 16, a favorable reception of a significant amount of braking energy arising at high vehicle speeds is ensured. When braking in first gear, when driving off-road, braking is carried out by means of an internal friction clutch 9. The vehicle speed in this case is only an insignificant part of the vehicle speed in second gear, so the internal (smaller) friction clutch can absorb significantly less energy braking.
    Thus, the drive device acts as an auxiliary service brake. Full braking prescribed by the master at maximum speed, i.e. when the second gear is engaged, it can preferably be carried out with the friction clutches 9 and 10 in accordance with the invention, since large disks can absorb high friction energy and. braking and provide good removal of large quantities of heat generated in the metal of the housing 1.
    In case it is required to tow the vehicle in case of breakdowns or for its rearrangement, the separating clutch 31 is opened. Thereby, the drive motor 3 and the two-speed gearbox 4 are disconnected from the gear stage 28. The drive from the side of the vehicle’s side is carried out up to step 28 of the spur gears. The set of wheels of the two-speed gearbox 4, as well as the friction clutches 9 and 10, are inoperative,
    In addition to the above-mentioned advantages, the drive device also has the following advantages: both friction clutches 9 and 10 are so well lubricated through the drilling 32, 33 located in the disk holders 12 and 15 that the auxiliary service brake formed by both friction clutches works with very little wear. When using a drive device on a mobile excavator, there is no need to lay a separate pipeline through the rotating joint for driving the parking brakes. The vehicle starts moving when a relatively small oil pump is used and at low speeds, since it takes a very small amount of oil to open both friction clutches 9 or 10. Actually, even a very small piston stroke, approximately equal to 0.2 mm, is already sufficient to release the friction clutch disks.
    As a result of safety requirements, the design of the drive device in accordance with the invention has the advantage that the disconnecting clutch is normally closed. Due to this, the full operation of the auxiliary and parking brakes is ensured.
    When installing the drive device on a moving excavator, among other things, it is expedient and preferable that a shaft seal 34 is installed between the input shaft 2 and the housing 1. As a result of this, oil leakage, which could have occurred at the point 35 of the pressure oil supply pipe connection, into the cylindrical cavity 23 between the housing 1 and the input shaft 2, is limited by the housing cavity 36. which is provided to the left of the shaft seal ring 34 (see FIG. 3). In the cavity 36 of the casing, only circular cylindrical parts rotate, such as the input shaft 2 and the connecting parts of the drive motor 3. Oil turbulence, for example, by means of gear parts is impossible. Oil leaks from the cavity 36 of the casing are automatically discharged through the discharge pipe 37 into the fuel tank installed in the nadressornoy part of the mobile excavator.
    By arranging the casing cavity 36 for collecting oil leaks, whereby it is sealed on the side of the two-stage gearbox 4, there may be no need for a separate suction pump.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    Claim
    1. A drive device, in particular for mobile excavators and similar construction machines, comprising a housing, a drive motor, a two-speed gearbox including a input shaft, a planetary gear having a central wheel with external teeth rigidly connected to the input shaft, and switched under load, and central shaft with internal teeth, and two friction friction couplings, hydraulically controlled by at least one hydraulic pump, made in the form of spring accumulators for selective switching, one and of which is installed between the housing and the Central wheel with internal teeth, characterized in that both friction clutches are mounted one in the other in the radial direction and have independent actuation, the inner of which is installed between the Central wheels for selective communication with the latter ,
    [2]
    2. The device pop. 1, characterized in that it has a brake valve for bleeding air when using friction clutches as parking and auxiliary service brakes.
    [3]
    3. The device pop. 1, rtl, in that the friction clutches have a common disc holder located between the latter.
    [4]
    4. The device according to claim 3, the clause is that the disc holder is rigidly connected to the central wheel with internal teeth.
    [5]
    5. The device pop. 1, characterized in that it is provided with a step of cylindrical gears and a disconnecting clutch installed between it and the gearbox to interrupt the drive power circuit.
    [6]
    6. Device according to π, 1, with the exception of the fact that between the input shaft and the housing there is a sealing ring for separating the cavity of the housing containing the two-speed gearbox from the cavity used to collect oil leaks.
    [7]
    7. The device according to claim 6, which is related to the fact that the body cavity, which serves to collect oil leaks, is connected through the discharge pipe to the central oil collection tank.
    类似技术:
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    US3035457A|1962-05-22|Hydrodynamic transmission
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    US3362259A|1968-01-09|Vehicle power plant
    US4819509A|1989-04-11|Hydrodynamic-mechanical transmission
    GB2265873A|1993-10-13|Hydromechanical drive unit.
    RO114996B1|1999-09-30|Automatic gearbox
    US4545264A|1985-10-08|Automatic differential transmission gear
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    US3631949A|1972-01-04|Gearbox of transport vehicles with hydrodynamic retarder brake
    JP3025240B2|2000-03-27|Hydrodynamic torque converter with throttle element
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR960015721B1|1996-11-20|
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    CN1015398B|1992-02-05|
    US5151068A|1992-09-29|
    WO1989008796A1|1989-09-21|
    YU13389A|1991-04-30|
    CN1035873A|1989-09-27|
    JP2776932B2|1998-07-16|
    ES2012271A6|1990-03-01|
    JPH03503924A|1991-08-29|
    YU47761B|1996-01-09|
    EP0408592A1|1991-01-23|
    DE58900673D1|1992-02-13|
    KR900700793A|1990-08-17|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    DE3808067|1988-03-11|
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